1(c)
def merge(dictList):
    answer = {}
    for D in dictList:
        for k in D:
            if k in answer:
                answer[k].append(D[k])
            else:
                answer[k] = [D[k]]
    return answer

2(b)
def isPalindrome(s):
    if len(s) == 1 or len(s) == 0:
        return True
    
    return s[0] == s[len(s)-1] and isPalindrome(s[1:-1])


3(b)
import random
class biasedCoin():
    
    def __init__(self, b):
        if type(b) != float or b < 0 or b > 1:
            raise ValueError
        self.bias = b
        
    def toss(self):
        r = random.random()
        if r <= self.bias:
            return "H"
        else: 
            return "T"